Chapter
12
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Rhythm:
natural rise and fall of language
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In
every word of more than one syllable, one or more syllables are accented or
stressed
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Rhetorical
stresses- make our intentions clear
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End-stopped
line vs. run-on line
o
Caesura
pauses in the middle of lines
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The
poetic line is the basic rhythmic unit of free verse
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Meter:
identifying characteristic of rhythmic language that we can tap our feet to
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Foot:
one accented syllable plus one or two unaccented syllables
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Iamb-
short, long
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Trochee-
long, short
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Anapest-
short, short, long
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Dactyl-
long, short, short
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Spondee-
long, long
o
Stanza:
group of lines whose metrical pattern is repeated throughout the poem
o
Metrical
variations:
§
Substitution:
replacing the regular foot with another one
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Extrametrical
syllables- added at the beginning or end of lines
§
Truncation:
omission of an unaccented syllable at either end of a line
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Expected
rhythm coincides with meter whereas heard rhythm can diverge
Variation
can be introduced by grammatical and rhetorical pauses
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